exam 3

(Wikipedia.org)
there are different types of boundaries some of these boundaries include the ones im about to explain.
Transform boundaries: John Wilson saw that because of friction the plates were unable flow past each other. how they move is stress builds up in the plates and when it is to much for the plates potential energy is released as strain. Strain is accumulative and instantaneous the lower crust and mantle accumulates deformation by shearing where the brittle upper crust reacts by fracture or instantaneous stress release to cause motion. The ductile surface of the fault can also release instantaneously when the strain rate is too great. The energy released by instantaneous strain release is the cause of earthquakes.

An example of this plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault which is part of a highly complex system of faults in the area. The Pacific and North American plates move relative to each other such that the Pacific plate is moving northwest with reference to North America.

Divergent boundaries: Two plates that move apart from each other and the space is filled with new crustal material from the molten magma that forms below. The hot spot which may have made the Mid Atlantic Ridge system underlies Iceland which is widening at a rate of a few centimeters per year.
Divergent boundaries are categorized in the lithosphere by rifts on the oceanic ridge including the Mid Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise. Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system. Spreading is not uniform so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different massive transform faults occur. These are the fracture zones that are a major source of submarine earthquakes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics Organisation: Wikipedia Title: plate tectonics Date: June 2008
http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/100/plate-tectonics.html Organisation: J. Louise Title: Plate tectonics the cause of earthquakes Date:may 2001

Exam 2

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resources
www.greenscreen.org
Non Renewable: Crude oil,is a yellow to black color found in places called reservoirs. Scientists and engineers explore aread by studying rocks from the earth. Measurements are then taking of the rocks and if the site seems promising the drilling begins. We have a couple of relly good places to get our oil from. The top 5 would be saudi arabia russia united states iran and china in that order. we consume oil everyday in almost every aspect of life. We use it for our cars we use it to store our foods almost everything you can think of in some way is involved with the use of oil to be created shipped boxed or just plain made with it. The effects of the consumption of our crude oil outways the risk because without oil we would be pretty much in the stone age without transportaion without electricity and without a whole lot of other things. Products from oil help us do many things. Even though petroleum products make life easier - finding, producing, moving, and using them can cause problems for our environment like air and water pollution. The effects that this oil has though is global warming and that is slowly heating up our planet to the point of being in habittable. These risks dont outway the benefits of how we live and wut we can do with oil.
Renewable: A resource that can be replenished in a human lifetime is considered renewable renews at a rate equal to or faster than its rate of being used by humans. a renewable resource is a resource that is not in danger of being used up. Examples of some renewable resources is solar power which comes from the sun the winds which spin turbines to make electricity, and water. Hydro power which comes from moving water to turn turbines to make electricity. All of these will be better for the enviroment and will have little to no pollution and will never run out. Unless the earth loses its atmosphere then we will lose all wind and we will not be able to use that as a source of energy. The cost of these power sources are less than 5 cents per killowatt hour. Another benefit is that they are friendly on the enviroment and do not cause pollution.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resources Organisation: Wikipedia Date:June 2008 Title: Renewable resource
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/oil.html

Organisation: U.S. department of energy Date: May 2008 Title: energy kids page

exam

ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/atmosphere.html
ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/Hydrosphere.html
Biosphere: It is the life zone of Earth including all living organisms, man, and all matter that hasnt decomposed. Life evolved on earth during its early history about 4.5 to 3.8 billion years ago and the biosphere distinguished our planet from all others in our solar system. The chemical reactions of life such as photosynthesis have also had and effect on the chemical composition of the atmosphere, making the atmosphere from reducing conditions to oxygen enrich environment. Energy and mass is transferred from one level of the food chain to the next with an efficiency of about 10%. All organisms are linked to their environment. The relationship between an organism and its environment is the study of ecology.

Atmosphere: A gaseous bubble that surrounds Earth and acts as the barrier of going between its surface and the vacuum of space. The atmosphere is a made of gases composed of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.#1,2 Its about 500 km above the surface of the Earth and maintains the conditions suitable for life on the planet's surface. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer that protects life on the planet from ultraviolet rays from the Sun. Since the Industrial Revolution we have been changing the composition of the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.#1 with the production of these greenhouse gases we are trapping heat energy from the earth surface and increase global temperatures. Also chlorofluorocarbons are effective at decreasing the Earth's ozone shield that protects the us from the effects of UV rays.

Hydrosphere: Is all water on Earth. Earth is a misnomer Meaning that 71% of the earth is covered by water and only 29% is land. The abundance of water on Earth is a unique feature that clearly distinguishes our planet from any other planet in the solar system. no where else can a single drop of liquid water is known anywhere else in the solar system. this is because we have the right mass, the right chemicals the right atmosphere, and we arent to close or to far away from the Sun. However, the range of surface temperatures and pressures of our planet permit water to exist in all three states solid, liquid, and gas.#1,2 The water is contained in the oceans and the high heat capacity of this large volume of water makes it so the Earth doesnt have large temperature changes such as those observed on the moon. Water is the universal solvent and the basis of all life on our Planet.

Humans have been hurting our planet every day with the burning of fossils fuels and other alternative resources. This is hurting our planet and in a greater aspect this is hurting ourselves humans need to find a new form of energy to change what we are doing to the planet and extend our stay here otherwise we will burn our planet up and use all its resources.




#1http://ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/Hydrosphere.html Organisation: Dr. David Hodell & Ray Thomas Date:1996-2000 Title: Hydrosphere
#2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere Organisation: Wikipedia Date: 2006 Title: Atmosphere